Front entrance and rear engined Routemasters

The front entranced Routemaster RMF1254 was unique in London and after being banned by the unions it was sold to Northern General who were the only provincial operator of Routemasters. All of Northern Generals Routemasters were built more or less to the same specification as RMF1254 except they had Leyland O.600 9.8 litre engines. When RMF1254 operated in the North of England it was fitted with a Leyland engine for the sake of standardisation. It survives in preservation, as RMF1254 back in London Transport livery and an AEC AV590 9.636 litre engine reinstated.

The British European Airways front entranced Routemasters had their own luggage trailers – hence the tow-bar – but were of the earlier shorter length. After their West London to London Heathrow airport route ceased, they became driver trainer vehicles and staff transport for London Transport but none resumed normal PSV work. They were originally owned by BEA but operated by London Transport.

The rear engined Routemaster FRM1 was to have been one of three exhibits at the 1966 Motor Show – including one in Sheffield Corporation colours. Leyland pulled the plug on this, they had not long before taken over Associated Comercial Vehicles Ltd (AEC) and wanted to promote their own Atlantean so only FRM1 was built.

Many lessons were learned, however, and the Leyland TN Titan of the late 70s early 80s emerged with these features – becoming almost the FRM series 2. Despite all the problems surrounding Leyland at this time, the TN Titan gained an enviable reputation among operators, engineers and drivers alike. Regrettably, there were no longer AEC engines available – just Gardner and Leyland.

David Oldfield
11/2009

To see a photograph of RMF 1254 click here

Early Post-War Bus Bodies

It is fascinating how wide spread were bodies that I thought were in the minority in the early post-war boom. Roberts was one of these. They have featured on your site a number of times – but not yet a Sheffield Regent III. The Nottingham Regent IIIs are the only 8′ wide examples that I have seen.

Windover is another example – apparently in existence from 1760 but only evident from 1946 to 1954. They built a lot of coaches for BET, e.g. AEC for Sheffield United Tours, Leyland for Yorkshire Traction Company and Bristol for North Western Road Car Company. The half-cab Huntingdon was, by all reports, a very luxurious beast – superior even to Duple, the then yard stick. Unfortunately they fell apart, prey to the post war disease of green wood affecting the quality and life of the structure. Most happy customers went on to buy Regal IV and Royal Tiger on what might have been luxurious but also arguably the most ugly of early underfloor coach bodies – and there were quite a few of them! The Guy Arab on this site (here) looks fine with its low bonnet line and is apart from six that were briefly owned by Northern General the only one I’ve ever seen with a Windover body. Of course Roberts could make an article in itself, along with Cravens, Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon and Metro-Cammell.

They were all railway carriage builders, all but Roberts built first generation British Railways diesel multiple units and Metro-Cammell built a high proportion of London Transport Tube and Underground trains. Buses were all a sideline for these companies even though Metro-Cammell’s bus business grew to be so big as to be equally important and they became – by volume – the biggest British bus builder right up to the end in 1989.

Roberts built trams, including Sheffield’s last trams. BRCW faded away after the 1962 Rolls-Royce DMUs and their most interesting buses must be the London Transport AEC Qs that they built in the ’30s. Sheffield Transport bought locally from Roberts (Wakefield) and Cravens (Sheffield) from the ’30s until 1950 but Cravens faded away after building diesel multiple units for British Railways in the mid ’50s. Interestingly, at that time they were owned by the John Brown group who bought East Lancashire Coach builders who recommenced bus building in Sheffield under the name Neepsend (the name of an area of the town). Many sources say that Neepsend was a subsidiary of East Lancs but it would be more true to say that Neepsend, formerly Cravens, through their owners owned East Lancs.

History repeated itself recently when East Lancs, owned by Darwen Engineering, bought Optare but then decided to use the Optare name. Metro-Cammell’s history is better known, first buying out the strike bound Weymann and then being split up after being hit as collateral damage in the privatisation of the British bus industry. The train division was sold and re-emerged as GEC Alstom the respected builder of modern trains and underground stock – including Eurostar. The bus division hoped to link up with Leyland Bus and could have formed a formidable and successful company. The government refused permission and the division collapsed – its designs being sold to Optare. Thus history went on, in a remote and convoluted way to link Metro-Cammell, Weymann, Roe, East Lancs, Cravens, Optare and even, tenuously, Leyland!

David Oldfield
11/2009

New Years Day out in Winchester

What does Ebenezer do for New Year? He goes to bed early so that he can get to Winchester for 08:30 on New Year’s Day.

Family commitments kept me in Sheffield until New Year’s day until the death of my mother about three years ago. A ‘Friends of King Alfred bus’ virgin until then, I have been each year since and this year we were blessed with the best weather yet, and also one of the best days.

It says a lot that, each year, that strange breed – the gricer – will bestir himself, and herself, in such numbers on the day after such traditional festivities. It also says a lot for the organisers that they manage to provide us all with an incentive to keep coming back with such a well organised day.

There is, literally, something for everyone – including shopping for those who happen along for the wrong reasons. King Alfred brings his friends from a wide area – Birmingham, Taunton, Southampton and many other places – and I went to Chandlers Ford to travel in with one of these friends (LOW 217 Southampton Guy Arab III). Before arriving at Winchester I alighted to get the King Alfred Tiger Cub (WCG 104) on its short local route.

I could continue with a boring list, but I won’t. As an AEC man I could have felt short-changed with only three, but I think there was only the Southampton Regent V that I missed. We went on a magical mystery tour when Steve Morris went off route and confounded a connecting service by ending up in the wrong place – but he certainly has mastery of the ex Crosville Regal TA5. The King Alfred Renowns are always good value – and always seem to be well driven (595 LCG). [I can get boring on driving – being both an Advanced Motorist and part-time coach driver.]

A friend of mine who is a Stagecoach director has often said that he and I are a dying breed with our stick-shift licences and experience. With one or two exceptions, the standard of driving of these heritage vehicles – many with crash boxes – was superb. I’ve mentioned Steve Morris, but his son – who cannot ever have driven such vehicles in common service – gave an equally outstanding example of driving on the Crossley (EVD 406). Unfortunately, the old girl let him, and us, down by losing her electrics on her last town tour. Everyone had to get off and push to jump start her and then, with glances all around in the gloom for Hampshire’s best, we limped back to the Broadway without lights.

I noticed, at Leatherhead in September, a non PSV owner driver who did not use his mirrors once between Leatherhead and Dorking. Is there a school for non PSV owner- drivers that teaches this method? There was another (different vehicle, different driver) doing the same. To someone like me, this style of driving is very disconcerting. He certainly wouldn’t have passed his PSV test but he drove instinctively and without harm to his vehicle or his passengers. Phew! What other high lights? The Aldershot and District Reliance showed that, fifty years on, there isn’t much to be learned about building smooth and quiet running buses – and how many Dennises and Volvos will still be around in 2060?

New experiences? My first Crossley, despite being around in the Crossley era of Sheffield, Rotherham and Chesterfield. My first ever BMMO bus. The most impressive? My late father always maintained the absolute best lorries were Fodens and I have come to regard them, from documentary evidence, as similarly regarded buses – despite only building seriously from 1947 to 1956. I experienced Warrington OED 217, superbly driven, it also oozed quality. You instinctively knew it was put together well, despite most components being the same as many contemporary buses. Wedded to a well built and well finished East Lancs body this was a credit to so many people – the owner, the restorer, the driver and the original builders.

I only had a forty minute drive from my home in exile but there were people there from Doncaster, Rotherham, Sheffield, Rochdale, Manchester….. Never been? It’s one of the best day’s out and worth the journey. Will I be there next year? God willing, certainly.

David Oldfield
01/2010

Sheffield Bus Bodies

A lot has been said about Sheffield not having a standard bus – unlike London, Manchester and Birmingham. This may have been true but, apart from those quirky deliveries to spice up the life of a gricer, Sheffield did adhere to a fairly strict dual order policy. From the ’20s until mid ’60s this meant Leylands and AECs. Until AEC gradually left the double deck stage and were replaced by Daimler, the only deviations from this dualling policy were during WW2 and immediately afterwards when vehicles were hard to get and, almost, anything was better than nothing.

From the very first AEC Regent in the early ’30s, Weymann became a major supplier – principally on AEC and pre-war Leyland, Cravens and Roberts were the other body suppliers – principally on Leyland, although Roberts also built on AEC. After WW2 this continued, although Cravens, Roberts – and also NCB – were additional builders on Regent IIIs.

It was not until very late, 1951, that Roe came on the scene in Sheffield and, after Leyland closed down their body shop, shared the privilege of bodying almost all vehicles with Weymann. This only ended in 1962/3.

Roe built composite bodies with teak frames to a superbly high standard and with a stylish design. This evolved from the Leeds Pullman until the last delivery, on Daimler CVG6, to Northampton Corporation in 1968. The classic post war Leeds Pullman of 1949-51 was the first Roe design to arrive in Sheffield on nine Leyland PD2s and soon after nine AEC Regent IIIs – the first manual Regent IIIs in the city. [They should have been synchromesh, but production difficulties saw them arrive with crash boxes. The synchro boxes were retrofitted a year or so later.]

AEC Regent III RWA 168 2168Ten more Regent IIIs arrived in 1953 – one figured on this site last year. There was a variant of the body style which was almost exclusive to the hundreds of utility Guys and Daimlers rebodied by Roe in 1952/3. The best known example of this is Steve Morris’s J Wood of Mirfield Crossley – itself a rebody. The 1953 Sheffield Regent IIIs had a four bay body with window and frontal profile closely related to the rebody style.

1956 saw the delivery, on Regent III, of the first of many Roe bodies, to the most common and best known profile, which culminated in the twenty-five Regent Vs, like B fleet 1344, delivered in 1960. These were part of a batch of seventy-one similar Regent Vs – the others were twenty-six Weymann and twenty Alexander bodies. Pre WW2, nearly all the AECs were Weymann bodied but after the demise of Leyland bodies both builders had a share of both Leyland and AEC chassis.

AEC Regent V Roe 6344 WJ 1344This picture of 1344 shows a Roe bodied Leyland PD3 trying to muscle in. These were delivered a year earlier, in 1959, with essentially the same body but with significant differences. The Regent Vs were the only Roe bodies delivered with front screen ventilators; they also had platform doors and emergency doors. The PD3s had standard open platforms but there were about half a dozen PD2s with similar platform doors, the last one a sole 1960 registration. The PD3s were the last bodies – by Roe or anyone else – to have comprehensive side slider ventilators; the Regent Vs began the era of sliders every alternate window.

Even then, there was something to keep the interest. The Regent Vs were built late 1959 and the first were registered and put into service on 1st January 1960. Half of them were not put into service until April 1960 – along with the Alexander and Weymann examples. The two subsets of Roe bodies had differing slider layout. 1344 was a Leadmill, seen at Pond Street Bus Station on service 59 to Bradway. Leadmill buses had an extra set of sliders downstairs – those immediately behind the engine or the driver. East Bank buses did not have these – only two sets each downstairs.

I was fortunate enough to live at Greenhill on the Derbyshire/Peak District border and to be served by the 38 Low Edges (East Bank), 59 Bradway and 22 Holmesfield (Leadmill) which gave three opportunities to ride the Roe/Regent Vs.

They were also the first Sheffield buses fitted, from new, with heating upstairs as well as downstairs – and I hated them in winter. Sheffield is beautifully mountainous and made for long hauls up hill in third gear on an AEC. The Regent V heaters were horrendously noisy but only worked when the bus was moving. At a bus stop,AEC Regent V Park Royal 367 EWE 1367 not a sound, but when you wanted to hear the engine or gearbox it was drowned out by the noise of the heaters!!!

Some of the Weymann Regent Vs had exhaust brakes, but none of the Roes. Now that would have been perfection.

After that, things fell apart and went downhill as Park Royal metal frames, and some of the ugliest buses they have ever produced, gradually took over at Crossgates. But we have our memories – and maybe 1330 will eventually emerge in shining glory at The South Yorkshire Transport Museum Aldwarke, Rotherham.

David Oldfield
01/2010

AEC Disasters

“All one can do now is salute the old firm and what it achieved. …..the men and women who together comprised AEC may not have always got it right but they produced many fine vehicles and many which made big advances in design. They will long be remembered.” Thus Alan Townsin closes his book “The Blue Triangle” and, like him, I am a sometime critical supporter of AEC.

There have been several non too complimentary comments about AEC in these pages over the last few months. Are they justified? For the most part, yes – but they need to be taken in context. A very well respected operator and former Commercial Motor journalist put it succinctly. AEC were the thoroughbreds, Leylands were the reliable plodders.

Where did AEC fall down? More in practice than in theory. Their engines and gearboxes were bomb-proof in the immediate post-war period and gave the Regent III/RT and Regal IV/RF their deserved reputation for being smooth, refined and reliable. Seeking after economy led to the (medium weight) Reliance and Regent V and a change from dry-liner to wet liner engines in the AH410/470 and AV470. Especially in the Reliance, these engines continued and enhanced the reputation – but this was before the motorway age and intensive running. The 590 was introduced in the Regent V and Reliance to replace A208 and A219 in Regent III and Regal IV. Here is where derogatory comments about Regent Vs and Reliances come in – that they were not as strong, as reliable, as long-lived as their predecessors. …..and all this was true, because the wet liner 590 (big brother to the 410/470) was not up to intensive and/or fast running. I saw dramatic evidence with a 1965 Sheffield United Tours Reliance which had to throttle back for miles when it started to overheat. This was common. Wallace Arnold took their similar 1966 Reliances off continental work for similar reasons. After this, AEC lost their reputation at Wallace Arnold and never regained it. AEC replaced wet-liners with dry-liners in the AH691, AH760 (and the vertical versions) and went on to produce one of the best ever coaches in the 6U3ZR Reliance. Unfortunately, many people suffered the wet-liner problems and fell out permanently with AEC.

Leyland, however, had the O.600 which shared many characteristics – including “strength” – with the A204/208/219 series. The O.680 did not change the basic design, as AEC had done, and the engines kept their reputation for quality. [Interestingly enough, Stephen Barber in his Wallace Arnold book says that the O.680 was not perfect and could seize up as well!] The final version of the series, the TL11, was the least reliable of the set – initially suffering from sump problems – whereas one of the best was the TL12 (in reality a turbo-charged 760). DAF and Scania both showed what could be done to the O.680 – their current engines being of world class quality.

As for the AEC cul-de-sacs – Regent IV, Bridgemaster and Renown. They were never bad buses, just bad business decisions. They were designed and built for operators who only decided that they were not what they wanted after they had been built. Even Leyland did the same with the Lowlander – and they didn’t really get it right with the Atlantean until the AN68 – which was actually rather good.

David Oldfield
08/2010